Anaphora and Notions of Command

Notions of Sameness by Default and their Application to Anaphora, Vagueness, and Uncertain Reasoning

We motivate and formalize the idea of sameness by default : two objects are considered the same if they cannot be proved to be different. This idea turns out to be useful for a number of widely different applications, including natural language processing, reasoning with incomplete information, and even philosophical paradoxes. We consider two formalizations of this notion, both of which are ba...

Basic notions and properties of ordered semihyperrings

In this paper, we introduce the concept of semihyperring $(R,+,cdot)$ together with a suitable partial order $le$. Moreover, we introduce and study hyperideals in ordered semihyperrings. Simple ordered semihyperrings are defined and its characterizations are obtained. Finally, we study some properties of quasi-simple and $B$-simple ordered semihyperrings.

The Language of Two Homologous Aesthetic Notions: Sufism and Surrealism

There are hypotheses in the history of human culture and civilization in which we can find undeniable similarities and commonalities among them, despite their vastly different cultural and historical contexts. For example, finding commonalities between the language of two artistic aesthetic hypotheses, Sufism and Surrealism, which are very different from each other in terms of context, time as ...

Kant's Four Notions of Freedom

Solved and unsolved problems in generalized notions of Connes amenability

We survey the recent investigations on (bounded, sequential) approximate Connes amenability and pseudo-Connes amenability for dual Banach algebras. We will discuss the core problems concerning these notions and address the signicance of any solutions to them to the development of the eld.